As a young athlete I was so intent on becoming a champion that I'd roll off my mattress every morning at 5:30 a.m., press 'Play' on my cassette recorder, and immediately begin doing push-ups while Otis Redding wailed his rendition of Chain Gang. After 500 push-ups, 500 sit-ups and 200 pull-ups, I'd run the first of the day's three 3-mile runs. In the evening after wrestling or football practice or competitions, I'd lift heavy weights for two hours. I was under the mistaken impression that if some training was good, then more training was always better. Clearly, in training there comes a point of diminishing, or even negative, returns. Strength and conditioning can only improve after sufficient rest and recuperation allows the body to adapt to your workouts.
Looking back on those eight-hour training days it occurs to me that at least some of my athletic success was achieved in spite of my excessive training, rather than because of it. The combination of excessive training volume and intensity results in a condition known in exercise science as "over-training". Simply, you can train hard and you can train long, but you can't do both without running a great risk of over-training. The symptoms associated with over-training can include fatigue, loss of appetite and muscle mass, chronic soreness, anxiety, elevated resting heart rate and impaired immune function.
By my late-twenties I was less capable of recovering from my previous marathon training sessions. Under the guidance of my boxing trainer, Eugene Ray, I grudgingly reduced the hours I spent training, began mixing easier "recovery" days in with the intense workouts and made certain to get 8 hours of sleep each night. Mr. Ray was also adamant that I take one day completely off from training every week. On Sundays (my designated day off) he'd call me at random times throughout the day to make sure I hadn't snuck out for a run in the hills. I discovered, to my surprise, that cutting my previous training volume nearly in half, incorporating rest days, and following a progressive, periodized training regimen (as outlined in Law #3) enabled my strength and conditioning to reach new heights.
It's important to note that no pre-determined training program is perfect. I've learned to pay attention to my body and its capacity to train on any given day. When I'm in the midst of a training cycle I consistently note my resting pulse rate and check my weight each morning upon waking. When I'm in good shape my resting heart rate is generally between 38-42 beats per minute. I check my weight to make certain that I'm not dehydrated- a condition that can elevate my resting heart rate. If my resting pulse upon waking is 50 or more beats per minute (ten more beats per minute than normal), and my weight is within 1% of my bodyweight from the previous morning (indicating I'm sufficiently hydrated), then I know I haven't sufficiently recovered from my previous workout.
On those days when I awaken well-hydrated, but my resting heart rate is elevated I make certain not to train too intensely. For most serious athletes, especially fighters training for a bout, allowing for sufficient recovery is extraordinarily difficult. The practices of checking your resting heart rate and body weight provide useful and objective criteria for determining whether your body is ready for an intense scheduled workout.
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